India is advancing efforts in semiconductor self-reliance through the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) and new global partnerships. Recent collaborations with Singapore and the U.S. underscore its commitment, aiming to build both chip design capabilities and fabrication plants, including a major facility in partnership with Taiwan’s PSMC and Tata Electronics. However, challenges persist, from high investment costs to resource demands and skilled labor shortages. With a focus on assembly, testing, and packaging, India aims to become a viable player in the global semiconductor value chain.